Acid reflux, also known as GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease), affects millions of individuals worldwide and is characterized by a burning sensation in the chest, throat, and sometimes even mouth. This happens when stomach acid flows back into the tube that connects the mouth and stomach (the esophagus). This article will unpack the causes, symptoms, and solutions of acid reflux so that you can better understand your condition and how to manage it.

Acid reflux – What it is
Acid reflux causes discomfort and irritation when stomach acid flows backward into the esophagus. This leads to an abnormally open lower esophageal sphincter (LES), a muscle at the end of the esophagus.

Causes of acid reflux

Acid reflux is a common digestive issue that affects millions of people worldwide. This state occurs when stomach acid flows back into the esophagus, causing discomfort and irritation. Understanding the underlying causes of acid reflux is essential to effectively preventing or managing this condition. Some common causes of acid reflux include the following:

• Hiatal hernia: It is a medical condition in which the upper part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm into the chest.
• Overeating: Consuming large meals or eating too quickly can put extra pressure on the stomach, causing acid to flow back into the esophagus.
• Eating trigger foods: Certain foods like chocolate, coffee, and spicy or fatty foods can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux.
• Pregnancy: Hormonal changes during pregnancy can relax the muscles that control the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to acid reflux.

Signs and symptoms of acid reflux
If you are experiencing a persistent burning sensation in your chest or throat, you might have acid reflux. But did you know that this condition can manifest in other ways, too? Here are some common signs and symptoms of acid reflux to look out for:

• Heartburn
• Regurgitation (acid or food coming back up into the mouth)
• Nausea or vomiting
• Difficulty swallowing or feeling like there’s a lump in your throat
• Chronic cough or hoarseness
• Sore throat or inflammation in the throat
• Discomfort or pain in the upper abdomen

It’s worth noting that some people with acid reflux might not experience heartburn and only have symptoms like coughing or hoarseness. Additionally, the severity and frequency of symptoms can vary significantly from person to person. If you suspect you might have acid reflux, you must talk to your doctor about your symptoms and get an accurate diagnosis.

Treatment and management of acid reflux
When it comes to acid reflux, managing symptoms is key. There are several ways to treat and manage acid reflux, from supplements to lifestyle changes.

• Supplements: These supplements reduce the amount of acid in the stomach, which can help alleviate symptoms.
• Surgery: Surgery may be recommended for some people with severe acid reflux. This can include procedures such as fundoplication or LINX surgery, which aim to improve the function of the lower esophageal sphincter and prevent stomach acid from entering the esophagus.
• Lifestyle changes: Certain lifestyle changes can also effectively manage acid reflux. These include eating smaller meals more frequently throughout the day than three large meals. You can also elevate the head of the bed by six to eight inches to prevent stomach acid from flowing into the esophagus while sleeping.
• Avoiding trigger foods: Certain foods and drinks can trigger acid reflux symptoms. Common triggers include citrus fruits and spicy foods. By avoiding these trigger foods, you can reduce your risk of experiencing acid reflux symptoms.

In addition to these treatment methods, working with your doctor to develop a comprehensive plan for managing your acid reflux is important. This may include regular check-ins, lifestyle counseling, and other interventions to help prevent symptoms from flaring up. Taking a proactive approach to your acid reflux can reduce discomfort and improve your overall quality of life.