Squamous cell carcinoma is a category of cancer that evolves in the squamous cells found in the outermost layer of the skin. A variety of factors can cause this type of skin cancer. While there are many different signs and symptoms associated with squamous cell carcinoma, it is crucial to be aware of them so they can be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible.

In this article, we will explore the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for squamous cell carcinoma.

What squamous cell carcinoma is
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that occurs in the cells of the outer layer of the skin. It usually develops in areas exposed to the sun, including the face, ears, lips, neck, hands, and arms.

The second-most common form of skin cancer is SCC. The disease usually grows slowly and rarely spreads to other body parts. However, if left untreated, SCC can become more aggressive and invade deeper layers of the skin and underlying tissues. In rare cases, it can spread to other organs and become life-threatening.

Causes of squamous cell carcinoma
The development of squamous cell carcinoma occurs when abnormal cells grow in the skin’s outer layer and can be caused by several factors, including the following:

• Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation: Overexposure to sunlight or tanning beds can damage the DNA of skin cells and increase the risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.
• Weakened immune system: The risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma is higher in people with weakened immune systems due to certain medical conditions.

It’s important to note that the cause of squamous cell carcinoma may be unknown in some cases. However, certain precautions, such as limiting sun exposure and protecting the skin, can reduce one’s risk of developing squamous cell carcinoma.

Symptoms of squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma develops due to prolonged exposure to UV rays, such as sunlight or tanning beds. Knowing the signs and symptoms associated with squamous cell carcinoma is fundamental. Here are some of the common symptoms and signs to look out for:

• A persistent, scaly patch or sore that does not heal
• A raised, wart-like growth that may bleed or crust over
• A painful lesion that itches, burns, or feels tender
• Swelling or redness in the affected area
• Rough, scaly, or crusty skin
• Raised, shiny bumps with visible blood vessels
• Open sores or ulcers that may ooze or bleed
• White, yellow, or waxy areas that resemble a scar

Treatment of squamous cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is a type of skin cancer that can spread quickly if not treated properly. Upon diagnosis of SCC, a doctor will recommend a treatment plan tailored to one’s particular situation. Here are the treatment options available for SCC:

• Surgical excision: This involves removing the entire tumor and a margin of healthy tissue around it. If the cancer is large or has spread to nearby lymph nodes, the doctor may also recommend radiation therapy after the surgery.
• Radiation therapy: This therapy uses high-energy X-rays to kill cancer cells. In cases where surgery is not sufficient to remove all cancer cells, it is used to kill the remaining cells.
• Mohs surgery: This specialized surgical technique removes the cancer layer in several steps. It is often used for cancers on the face or other sensitive areas.
• Topical chemotherapy: This involves applying a cream or lotion directly to the cancerous area to kill cancer cells. This treatment is often used for early-stage SCC.
• Photodynamic therapy: This involves applying a special medication to the cancerous area and exposing it to a special light. This treatment kills cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy tissue.
• Immunotherapy: This involves using supplements that help the immune system fight cancer cells. This treatment is often used for advanced SCC.

The doctor will work with the patient to determine the best treatment plan based on the location and stage of the cancer, as well as their overall health and medical history. Remember, early detection and treatment are critical to successfully treating SCC.