Uterine fibroids are noncancerous tumors that grow in the uterus. This condition usually affects women in their childbearing years, i.e., from 30 to 40 years of age. Primarily related to hormonal fluctuations, fibroids may not cause severe symptoms but may interfere with conception. Various treatment options are available today, with myomectomy being the most common minimally invasive procedure for the condition. Here is a look at the condition and its management options:

Causes and management of uterine fibroids
Also known as leiomyomas, fibromas, or myomas, uterine fibroids are muscle growths of varying shapes and sizes that develop in the uterus, usually on its wall. The exact cause remains unclear, but genetic predisposition, age, hormonal imbalances, vitamin D deficiency, hypertension, and high intake of red meat and processed foods are common risk factors for the condition. Although usually harmless, fibroids can cause discomfort and affect the overall quality of life. They may not develop into uterine cancer, but getting an early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent complications. Here, a health professional may recommend prescription treatment or surgery, with myomectomy and hysterectomy being common procedures. Another option is embolization, which involves cutting off the blood supply to the affected area to slowly starve and shrink the fibroids.

Myomectomy vs. hysterectomy
Myomectomy removes the fibroids from the uterine walls and leaves the uterus intact. It is suitable for those looking to bear children in the future or those whose fibroids may affect fertility. On the other hand, during a hysterectomy, the uterus is partially or completely removed, affecting the child-bearing ability of the patient.

When is myomectomy recommended?
The symptoms of uterine fibroids could be mild or unnoticeable. But some signs may indicate the need for prompt medical attention. Symptoms like heavy or irregular menstrual bleeding, heavy periods, pain in the pelvic region, bladder issues, and pain during intercourse may indicate the need for a myomectomy.

Types of myomectomy
Abdominal myomectomy: This conventional approach involves the removal of fibroids—typically large ones or those that could develop into cancer—through the lower belly. The procedure is followed by close medical observation for a couple of days and 8 weeks of recovery.

Laparoscopic myomectomy: This is also a less invasive treatment option for smaller fibroids with a shorter recovery period than abdominal myomectomy. Here, one would wait for 4 weeks before getting back to their normal routine. The procedure, however, is not suitable for removing large fibroids or those embedded in the uterus.

Hysteroscopic myomectomy: This involves the use of a special scope to remove fibroids through the cervical canal or vagina. A hysteroscopic myomectomy is only recommended when fibroids develop outside the uterine wall. The patient usually recovers from the surgery within a few days.

Robotic myomectomy: Similar to laparoscopic myomectomy, this type is a robotic-assisted surgery. It is a safer and costlier option suitable for those looking to conceive in the future. It involves the use of 3D magnification and miniature instruments to reduce blood loss.

While myomectomy is a relatively safe treatment option, it can have side effects like bleeding, blood clots, and infections. So, it is important to discuss the risks and outcomes of myomectomy with a healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure. During the recovery period, one should keep an eye out for complications and schedule regular follow-up appointments with their doctor.