Baker’s cyst, also known as a popliteal cyst, is a fluid-filled sac that develops behind the knee due to underlying joint issues, such as arthritis or cartilage tears. The cyst can cause discomfort in the form of knee pain, especially during movement or when straightening or bending the knee. It may result in a visible bulge, causing a feeling of tightness at the back of the knee joint due to inflammation and swelling affecting the surrounding tissues.

Causes
Baker’s cysts are frequently associated with knee disorders, indicating that they often develop as a result of issues within the joint itself. Here, existing conditions can make the knee produce too much synovial fluid, forming a bulge. Swollen knees can also increase the risk of such cysts. Further, various forms of arthritis can be a risk factor, as the inflammation associated with the condition can contribute to the development of cysts. Additionally, past or recent knee injuries like a cartilage tear may increase the risk of developing cysts.

Symptoms
Although one may not experience any pain or detect noticeable signs of a Baker’s cyst, swelling and pain are the predominant symptoms here. Other commonly noticed symptoms associated with the condition are:

– A visible lump behind the knee
– Occasional clicking or locking in the knee
– Stiffness while bending the knee

Diagnosis
A doctor can diagnose Baker’s cysts by conducting a physical exam. Additionally, they may utilize imaging tests to confirm underlying conditions causing the cysts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), arthrography, X-rays, and ultrasound are among the tests that help identify and evaluate conditions associated with Baker’s cyst.

Treatment options
Sometimes, Baker’s cyst can go away on its own, and avoiding triggering physical activities can help manage mild symptoms of the condition. Additionally, here are a few options for treating the condition:

Prescription treatment: In the initial stages, doctors may recommend anti-inflammatory formulations to control pain and inflammation around the knee. This approach can also be used to reduce the size of the cyst.

Physical therapy: Certain exercises can be highly beneficial in alleviating the symptoms of Baker’s cysts. Here, a skilled physical therapist helps patients perform exercises to improve the range of motion and strengthen the knee joint.

Surgery: Surgery is considered a last resort for cases where other treatment options have not provided sufficient relief. Here, the surgeon may surgically drain the excess synovial fluid to remove the cyst. Additionally, if a cartilage tear is responsible for the excess fluid, surgery can help repair the tear while also removing the fluid.

While the condition is treatable, taking a few preventive measures can significantly reduce the risk of developing cysts. So, avoiding knee injuries should be the primary focus, and performing warm-up exercises before engaging in physical activities is crucial to avoid injuries. While one may not initially experience excessive discomfort, Baker’s cyst worsens over time. So, upon noticing one or more symptoms, one should seek medical attention and discuss treatment options with a healthcare professional, as timely and appropriate management can improve the prognosis.