Phlegm can be a common and frustrating symptom of many respiratory conditions. It is a thick, mucus-like substance that the body produces in response to various irritants and infections. It can cause various symptoms, including coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Understanding the causes and symptoms of phlegm, as well as the available treatments, can help one find relief. Read this article to learn more about phlegm, including signs and symptoms, potential causes, and effective treatment options.

What is phlegm?
Phlegm is a thick, sticky mucus found in the lungs and throat. It is typically associated with respiratory illnesses like the common cold or influenza. Although it may not seem like it, phlegm serves an essential purpose: it helps to protect one’s body from infection by trapping any irritants and pathogens one inhales so they don’t reach the lungs.

In some cases, however, too much phlegm can lead to difficulty breathing and other complications. Knowing what phlegm is and how to manage excess amounts is key to staying healthy when fighting off respiratory infections and other conditions.

Symptoms of excess phlegm
Excess phlegm can be a bothersome symptom, causing discomfort and interfering with daily activities. Here are the signs and symptoms to look out for when dealing with excess phlegm:

Coughing
Excessive phlegm can trigger a persistent cough, especially in the mornings or after lying down for an extended period. The cough may produce thick, sticky, and difficult-to-clear phlegm.

Chest congestion
Excess phlegm can lead to a feeling of heaviness or tightness in the chest. This congestion may make it harder to breathe deeply and may even cause wheezing.

Sore throat
The accumulation of phlegm in the throat can lead to a scratchy, irritated, or sore throat.

Runny nose
Phlegm production often goes hand in hand with increased mucus production in the nasal passages, leading to a runny nose.

Difficulty breathing
In severe cases, excessive phlegm can cause trouble breathing, especially if it obstructs the airways.

Causes of excess phlegm
There can be a variety of reasons that can lead to excessive phlegm, including:

Respiratory infections
Allergies
Asthma
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

These are just a few of the common causes of excess phlegm. Identifying the underlying cause to treat and manage this symptom effectively is important.

Phlegm color: What does it mean?
The color of phlegm can indicate the condition of one’s respiratory system.
Brown phlegm may signal environmental factors or an infection.
White phlegm may be linked to viral bronchitis.
Green or yellow phlegm could indicate a bacterial infection.
Black or gray phlegm may be related to severe conditions.
Bloody, red, or pink phlegm could indicate respiratory infections, lung cancer, or tuberculosis.

Treatment options for phlegm
The cause and severity of the symptoms determine the treatment options for phlegm. Here are a few common treatment methods:

Prescription treatment
Depending on the cause of phlegm, the doctor may recommend prescription treatments to help loosen it, making it easier to cough up and expel.

Inhalers
For individuals with asthma or other respiratory conditions, inhalers may be recommended to help reduce inflammation and open up the airways, reducing excess phlegm production.

Allergy management
If allergies cause excess phlegm, the doctor may recommend prescription treatments to help manage the symptoms.

Lifestyle changes
It is easier to clear mucus when one is well-hydrated and drinking plenty of fluids.

Humidifiers
A humidifier or steam inhalation can help moisturize the airways and loosen thick phlegm.