A meningioma is a tumor that grows in the meninges (the membrane covering the brain and spinal cord). It is the most common kind of brain tumor, accounting for almost 30% of cases. While the tumor is usually non-cancerous, it can lead to severe symptoms like vision changes and seizures. Early detection and timely intervention are vital for improving outcomes and preserving the patient’s quality of life. Read on to learn more about the condition.

Symptoms to look out for
The signs can vary depending on the tumor’s size and location. Common indications include:

Headaches
Persistent and severe headaches are one of the most common symptoms. These may worsen over time and are often more intense in the morning or when lying down.

Seizures
Meningiomas can irritate the brain’s surrounding tissues, leading to seizures. These may vary in intensity and can involve muscle twitching, loss of consciousness, or convulsions.

Changes in vision or hearing
Depending on its location, the growth can affect the optic nerves or auditory pathways. Consequently, one may develop vision or hearing problems like blurred vision, double vision, partial or complete loss of vision, and hearing loss.

Memory problems
Tumors near brain areas responsible for memory and cognitive function can cause memory problems and difficulty concentrating.

Weakness in the limbs
As meningiomas grow, they can compress the brain’s motor pathways, leading to numbness in the arms or legs.

Nausea and vomiting
Increased intracranial pressure caused by the tumor can result in nausea and vomiting.

Balance and coordination issues
Tumors in specific brain regions can affect balance and coordination, leading to problems with walking or performing daily activities.

Fatigue and weakness
General fatigue and weakness may be present, mainly as the tumor grows and impacts brain function.

Sensory changes
Meningiomas near sensory areas of the brain can cause alterations in sensations, such as tingling or numbness in different body parts.

Possible causes of the condition
The exact cause of meningioma remains unclear. However, specific factors, such as radiation exposure and certain genetic conditions, may increase the likelihood of developing these tumors.

Diagnostic tests
When doctors suspect meningioma, they first inquire about the patient’s health history and perform a physical examination. This is followed by various imaging tests like MRI, CT scan, and angiography to confirm the condition and assess the tumor’s size and location. Additionally, a biopsy may be conducted to determine the growth’s grade and potential aggressiveness.

Treatment and management
The treatment approach depends on factors like tumor size, location, and grade. The primary methods include:

Observation
If the tumor is small and not causing significant symptoms, the healthcare team may opt for watchful waiting and monitor its growth over time.

Surgery
Surgical removal is often the first-line treatment for meningioma. Skilled neurosurgeons work to excise as much of the tumor as possible without harming critical brain structures.

Therapies
Radiation may be recommended if complete surgical removal is impossible or the tumor recurs. Targeted and hormonal therapy may slow tumor growth or manage the signs and symptoms.

Early detection, appropriate diagnosis, and timely intervention are essential in managing meningioma. Regular follow-ups and consistent communication with the healthcare team will ensure the best possible care and outcomes throughout the recovery journey.