Epilepsy, also called seizure disorder, is a brain disorder that can cause recurring seizures in the patient. This happens due to certain issues with the functioning of the brain. Typically, the brain generates orderly electrical impulses which travel to different parts of the body to continue bodily functions. However, in epilepsy patients, the electrical rhythms become imbalanced, resulting in seizures. While there are many types of epilepsy, some have identified causes, and others don’t.

What are the different types of seizures?
Usually, epilepsy seizures can be broadly classified into two types – partial seizures and primary general seizures. The main difference between these two types of seizures is their beginning. So, in the case of partial seizures, the issue can be limited to a single part of the brain. But in the case of the latter, there is an electrical discharge affecting both sides of the brain.

In some cases, partial seizures can be traced back to strokes, tumors, brain injuries, and brain infections.

What are the symptoms of an epilepsy seizure?
Generally, the symptoms of a seizure can vary depending on its type. As epilepsy typically affects brain activity, any body part or process can be affected. Hence, here are some of the most common symptoms and signs:

Temporary confusion
Stiff muscles
Blank staring
Loss of consciousness
Uncontrollable jerks – arms and legs
Anxiety, Deja Vu, or fear

What are the causes of epilepsy in patients?
As mentioned previously, the cause of most epilepsy seizures is unknown. Nevertheless, some cases have shown identifiable causes, such as:

Genetics
Some types of epilepsy, namely juvenile myoclonic and childhood absence epilepsy, are associated with a greater risk of being passed on through one’s heritage. In such cases, particular genes are involved that increase the chances of developing epilepsy.

Brain injuries
Sometimes trauma to the head can result in brain injuries. Hence, patients who have experienced vehicular accidents, blows to the head, or even falls, have a higher risk of the disorder.

Immune disorders
Some health conditions, also known as autoimmune disorders, can cause the body’s immune system to attack certain parts of the brain. This affects the brain cells and can lead to the development of epilepsy.

In addition to the above, some of the main identified causes of epilepsy are brain vessel abnormalities, metabolic disorders, developmental disorders, and brain infections – encephalitis, meningitis, and neurocysticercosis.

So, if one has experienced any of the above, they may have a higher risk of developing epilepsy and must seek professional help or treatment at the earliest.

What are the treatment alternatives for epilepsy?

Changes to meal plan
While treating epilepsy and its associated symptoms, doctors can suggest subtle to drastic changes to the patient’s meal plan. This can encompass foods rich in fats, low protein, and carbohydrate content. Additionally, foods with a low glycemic index and foods rich in oxidants like carrots, cherries, kale, spinach, and broccoli, can be incorporated into the plan.

Surgery
In cases where other treatment options do not work, the doctor can suggest surgery as a treatment alternative. This can include options such as abnormal tissue removal, disconnection of fiber bundles, neuromodulation device installation, and stereotactic radiosurgery.

Further, some ways the patient can try to manage the condition include stress management, regular exercise, and adequate sleep.