Cancer that begins in the colon (large intestine) or rectum is called colon cancer. The colon and rectum are the organs that comprise the lower portion of the digestive system. The American Cancer Society (ACS) estimates that approximately one in twenty-three men and one in twenty-five women will develop colorectal cancer in their lifetime. Read this article to learn about this cancer’s symptoms, causes, treatment methods, and where to find support.

Symptoms of colon cancer
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), colorectal cancer is the third most prevalent form in the country. Especially in the early phases, one may not experience any symptoms of colon cancer. If one does experience symptoms during stages 0 through 2, they typically include the following:

• Constipation
• Blood in the stool
• Diarrhea
• Changes in stool color
• Abdominal cramps
• Bleeding from the rectum
• Excessive gas
• Abdominal pain

Many of these symptoms can also be brought on by less severe conditions. However, one should consult a doctor if they have had these symptoms for over a week or two. One can discuss their symptoms with their doctor and determine whether colorectal cancer screening is necessary.

Causes of colon cancer
The causes of colon cancer are mostly genetic. This cancer may be induced by either inherited or acquired genetic mutations. These mutations increase the likelihood of colon cancer but do not guarantee it.

Some mutations may lead to the accumulation of abnormal cells in the colon epithelium, resulting in the formation of polyps. These are benign, microscopic growths. However, neglected polyps may progress into cancer. Surgical removal of these growths can be a preventative measure.

Colon cancer remedies
The remedies for colon cancer are contingent on several factors. Based on general health and the stage of colon cancer, a doctor will choose the best course of therapy for the patient.

• Surgery: In the earliest stages of colon cancer, one’s surgeon may surgically remove cancerous polyps. The prognosis will likely be excellent if the polyp has not attached to the intestinal wall.A piece of the colon or rectum, as well as nearby lymph nodes, may need to be removed by the surgeon if the malignancy has spread to the walls of the intestines. The remaining sound portion of the colon may be reconnected to the rectum by the surgeon.

• Chemotherapy: Chemotherapy utilizes certain substances to eliminate cancer cells. After surgery, chemotherapy is commonly administered to colon cancer patients to eliminate any remaining malignant cells. Additionally, chemotherapy inhibits the development of tumors. Chemotherapy frequently results in adverse effects that may have to be managed with additional treatment.

• Radiation: Radiation utilizes a powerful beam of energy, comparable to that of X-rays, to target and eliminate cancerous cells before and after surgery. Radiation therapy is frequently combined with chemotherapy.
• Other alternatives: Additionally, targeted therapies and immunotherapies may be suggested. They can treat metastatic or advanced colon cancer that has spread to other body regions and is resistant to other treatment options.

Regardless of the outcome of the treatment, a patient will require constant support along the road to treating colon cancer. It is essential to communicate with one’s medical team and loved ones and to feel at ease asking for assistance. Fortunately, colon cancer, if detected in the early stages, is highly manageable.