Brain hemorrhage is the medical term for bleeding in the brain brought on by the rupture of an artery or vein due to excessive blood pressure, trauma, or a blood vessel malfunction. Blood from a brain hemorrhage can also clot, resulting in the creation of a mass known as a hematoma. Due to the increased pressure, brain hemorrhage can affect the efficient oxygen flow to brain cells, ultimately leading to cell death.

Types
There are several types of brain hemorrhages. Depending on where the bleeding happens, the types are as follows:

• Intracerebral hemorrhage­: The inside of the brain bleeds in this condition.
• Subarachnoid hemorrhage: This kind of bleeding occurs in the brain’s surrounding tissues.
• Subdural hemorrhage: This type develops below the dura mater and above the brain.
• Epidural hemorrhage: In this condition, bleeding occurs between the skull and the brain.

Causes
There are several causes that trigger brain hemorrhages. Some of these are as follows:

• Brain trauma: In individuals under the age of 50, a head injury from a fall or an accident is the most common cause of a brain hemorrhage.
• High blood pressure: Blood vessel walls can deteriorate due to chronic high blood pressure, leading to leakage or rupture.
• Amyloid angiography: Arteries can become weakened and fractured by proteins like amyloid. Some patients, mostly elderly adults, have weak blood vessels due to amyloid deposits, and that causes hemorrhages from blood vessels rupturing.
• Hemorrhagic conversion: An ischemic attack is a kind of stroke that occurs when an artery in the brain becomes blocked. Hemorrhagic conversion, or bleeding caused by a vascular burst, is sometimes the result of the pressure.
• Brain tumor: Both cancerous and non-cancerous tumors can result in bleeding by putting pressure on nearby arteries as they develop, weakening them over time and eventually leading to their rupture.

Symptoms
A brain hemorrhage can bring on various symptoms. The face, arm, or leg may experience abrupt tingling, numbness, weakness, or paralysis due to bleeding. Others include the following:

• Swallowing problems and eyesight problems
• Extreme light sensitivity
• Loss of balance or coordination
• Confusion, difficulties with speaking or understanding, or slurred speech
• Lethargy, stupor, or seizures that result in unconsciousness
• One-sided weakness of the body or face
• Nausea and vomiting

Treatment
There are many treatment options for managing a brain bleed and preventing adverse consequences. These are as follows:

• Surgery: A serious brain hemorrhage may necessitate surgery. Surgeons may undertake operations to relieve some of the strain on the brain. One or more of the following goals may be achieved during surgery:
  • Stop the bleeding
  • Relieve pressure inside the head
  • Help the injured area heal

To stop a hemorrhage brought on by a burst brain aneurysm, a surgeon may remove a piece of the skull and clip the artery. The medical term for this procedure is craniotomy.

• Treatment with certain chemical formulations
  The chemical formulations prescribed can help in the following:
  • Lowering blood pressure
  • Preventing seizures
  • Relieving pain and nausea
  • Halting the action of blood thinners
  • Controlling blood sugar
• Rehabilitation treatment
  Depending on the specifics of each person’s brain bleed and the level of recovery that can be achieved, rehabilitation treatment varies. They include the following:
  • Physical therapy
  • Occupational therapy
  • Speech therapy
  • Lifestyle adjustments to reduce the likelihood of another hemorrhage