Basedow’s disease, also known as Graves’ disease, is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the thyroid gland’s excessive production of hormones. As thyroid hormones play a crucial role in regulating various functions in the human body, the symptoms of Basedow’s disease can be diverse and far-reaching. It affects women more frequently than men, particularly in adults below 40. This post discusses the condition’s common symptoms, underlying causes, and available treatment options.

Causes and risk factors
Basedow’s disease appears when one’s immune system functions improperly. It attacks thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors in the body, causing the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormones. Despite numerous studies, the exact cause of this immune system malfunction remains uncertain. However, recent advancements in research suggest specific factors increase one’s risk of developing this condition:

Viral or bacterial illness
Hormonal shifts
Certain treatments
Iodine excess

While anyone can develop Basedow’s disease, the risk is particularly high among women, adults between 30 and 50, and those suffering from another autoimmune disease. Those in the high-risk group should watch out for the symptoms and take steps to prevent the condition’s occurrence.

Signs and symptoms
Thyroid hormones have a widespread impact on various parts of the body. Their overproduction leads to a mixed collection of symptoms, including:

Fast, irregular heartbeat and palpitations
Diarrhea or frequent bowel movements
Goiter, characterized by an enlarged thyroid
Heat intolerance
Nervousness and irritability
Fatigue
Muscle weakness
Hand tremors
Moist, smooth skin
Difficulty sleeping
Irregular menstrual cycles and heavy periods

Individuals who experience these symptoms should visit a healthcare expert for evaluation. Doctors diagnose Basedow’s disease through a physical examination. Blood tests are often recommended to assess the patient’s thyroid hormone levels. Imaging studies may also be performed to detect iodine levels in the body.

Treatment and management
Once the condition is confirmed, the health expert may recommend one or a combination of the following treatment options:

Anti-thyroids
These are essential treatments in managing the disease as they prevent the thyroid gland from utilizing iodine in hormone production.

Radioactive iodine
This therapy reduces hormone production by targeting and destroying thyroid tissues. The radiation subsequently leads to the destruction of overactive thyroid cells while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.

Surgery
Surgical intervention may be recommended to remove a part of or the entire thyroid gland. It helps reduce the production of thyroid hormones and is typically considered when other treatments are ineffective or unsuitable.

Prognosis
Basedow’s disease cannot be completely cured but can be managed with treatment. Individuals who undergo treatment may develop hypothyroidism, where the thyroid gland makes lower levels of thyroid hormone. This condition may require lifelong therapies.

The thyroid glands play a crucial role in maintaining normal bodily functions. When diagnosed with Basedow’s disease, these glands produce excessive thyroid hormones, leading to complications. The underlying causes of this condition are still subjects of scientific research. Although diagnosing it is relatively easy, patients must immediately visit an expert if they develop the symptoms and follow their instructions to manage the condition better in the long run.