Anthrax is an infectious disease primarily affecting animals. However, humans can contract it through direct or indirect contact with infected animals. While rare, the condition poses significant health risks. Caused by soil-based bacteria, the infection can be categorized into three main types: cutaneous, gastrointestinal, and inhalation anthrax. While symptoms can vary depending on the type, anthrax requires prompt treatment to relieve symptoms and prevent further complications associated with the infection.

Causes
A spore-forming bacterium called Bacillus anthracis causes anthrax. Once the microbes enter the body and get activated, they multiply, spread, and produce toxins. Anthrax can be contracted through:

– Contact with infected domestic or wild grazing animals
– Handling infected animal products like wool or hides
– Inhalation of spores while processing contaminated animal products
– Eating undercooked meat of infected animals

Symptoms
The symptoms of anthrax vary depending on the type. Here are the common symptoms for each type:

Cutaneous: This is caused by bacteria entering the body through cuts or sores on the skin. With this type, one may experience

– A bump resembling a bug bite or a group of small, itchy blisters
– Swelling around the sore
– Development of a painless blister and subsequent sore on the skin

Gastrointestinal: This is caused by an Intake of foods and drinks that contain anthrax spores, like uncooked meat of infected animals. Its symptoms are:

– Fever and chills
– Swelling in the neck or glands, accompanied by pain while swallowing
– Nausea, vomiting, and loss of appetite
– Diarrhea and bloody stool
– Headache and stomachache
– Redness in the eyes and face
– Fainting due to the severity of the infection
– Pain and swelling in the abdomen

Inhalation: This is brought on by breathing in anthrax spores. The symptoms associated with this type are severe and require immediate medical attention. They may include:

– Flu-like symptoms, such as aches and sore throat
– Shortness of breath
– Nausea
– Coughing up blood
– Pain while swallowing
– Chest discomfort
– Dizziness and confusion
– Profuse sweating
– Blisters or bumps can be itchy
– Swollen lymph nodes

Treatment options
Tests used to diagnose anthrax comprise blood tests, spinal taps, chest X-rays, CT scans, skin tests, and endoscopy. If anthrax is detected, the results will be shared with a public health department laboratory for confirmation. To prevent infection following exposure to anthrax spores, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend the following measures:

– Undergoing prescription treatment (valid for both adults and children) lasting anywhere between 60 and 100 days
– Receiving a 3-dose anthrax vaccination

Who are at risk?
Livestock handlers, veterinarians who treat infected animals, lab workers who study the bacteria, and those who travel to regions that have known cases of anthrax are at risk of contracting the infection.

Most common illnesses present symptoms similar to the flu, making it relatively unlikely that a sore throat and aching muscles are caused by anthrax. If one works with animals or animal products in regions where the disease is prevalent and subsequently develops any signs of the condition, they should seek prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential for effective management.