Acanthamoeba is a microscopic organism commonly found in soil, water, and other environments. While most species of acanthamoeba are harmless, some can cause infections in humans, leading to serious diseases. This condition calls for immediate care and attention. If you suspect an infection, seek treatment promptly to receive the necessary care and management for a better chance of recovery. Let’s explore the diseases caused by Acanthamoeba infection, their symptoms, and available treatment options.

Acanthamoeba Keratitis (AK)
Acanthamoeba keratitis is an eye infection resulting from acanthamoeba entering the cornea, the eye’s outermost layer. Contact lens wearers are mainly susceptible to this condition, especially if they do not practice proper lens hygiene. Symptoms of AK include eye redness, severe pain, light sensitivity, and blurry vision. If not treated, it can lead to vision loss or the need for a corneal transplant.

Acanthamoeba granulomatous encephalitis (AGE)
Acanthamoeba granulomatous encephalitis is a rare but life-threatening infection that affects the central nervous system. It occurs when acanthamoeba invades the brain and causes inflammation. Symptoms of AGE include headache, confusion, seizures, fever, and changes in mental status. The condition is difficult to detect and treat, often leading to a poor prognosis.

Disseminated acanthamoeba infection
Disseminated acanthamoeba infection occurs when the organism spreads from its original site of infection to other parts of the body through the bloodstream. This can affect multiple organs and may lead to several symptoms, depending on the organs involved. It is a fatal condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Treatment options for acanthamoeba infections
The treatment for acanthamoeba infections can be challenging, as these organisms are resistant to many antiparasitic formulations. The choice of therapy depends on the type and severity of the condition.

• Chemical formulations
  Some antifungal and antiparasitic chemical formulations may be effective in treating acanthamoeba keratitis. However, treatment regimens can be lengthy and require careful monitoring by an eye care professional.
• Antifungal formulations
  In cases of Acanthamoeba infections affecting the brain, treatment may involve a combination of antifungal formulations along with other supportive care. Early diagnosis and prompt care are crucial for better outcomes.

Preventive measures
Preventing acanthamoeba infections involves taking certain precautions:

• Follow healthy contact lens hygiene
  For contact lens wearers, following the recommended lens care practices is essential to reduce the risk of AK.
• Avoid contaminated water
  Acanthamoeba is commonly found in soil and water. Avoid using tap water to rinse contact lenses or to prepare homemade saline solutions.
• Use sterile solutions
  When cleaning contact lenses, always use sterile solutions recommended by the eye care professional.
• Regular eye exams
  Schedule regular eye examinations with your ophthalmologist. Routine checkups help detect signs of AK or other eye conditions early on.
• Avoid sleeping with lenses on
  Unless your eye care professional recommends extended wear of contact lenses, avoid sleeping with them. Removing them before sleeping allows your eyes to breathe and reduces the risk of infection.
• Avoid sharing eye products
  Never share contact lenses, solutions, or eye drops with others. Sharing these products can introduce harmful microorganisms, including acanthamoeba, into your eyes.