An anal fissure is a common condition characterized by a tear or small cut in the lining of the anus. Although usually not a severe health concern, anal fissures can cause discomfort, pain, and bleeding during bowel movements. So, timely and appropriate medical attention may be required to relieve such discomfort. The condition is common among infants but can affect people of all ages. Here is everything to know about anal fissures:

Causes
A tear in the tissue lining the anus can be brought on by the following factors:

Constipation: One of the leading causes of anal fissures is constipation. Passing hard stools and straining during bowel movements can put significant pressure on the delicate anal tissues, leading to small tears.

Diarrhea: Chronic diarrhea can also cause fissures, as frequent bowel movements and loose stools can irritate and damage the anal lining.

Childbirth: Women who have recently given birth may experience anal fissures due to excessive pressure and stretching of the anal region associated with delivery.

Anal intercourse: Engaging in anal intercourse without adequate lubrication and care can result in anal fissures.

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD): Conditions like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis can contribute to the development of anal fissures.

Anal trauma: Injury to the anal area, such as those caused by inserting foreign objects, can lead to fissures.

Symptoms
One may experience the following symptoms if a tear develops in the lining of the anus:

Pain during bowel movements: One of the primary symptoms of anal fissures is pain or discomfort during and after passing stools. Additionally, the fear of experiencing pain during bowel movements can lead to constipation, further worsening the issue.

Bright red blood in stool: One may be able to observe bright red blood on the toilet paper or in the stool when dealing with anal fissures

Itching and irritation: The tear in the anal lining can lead to itching and irritation around the anus.

Muscle spasms: One may experience involuntary muscle spasms in the anal area, known as anal sphincter spasms if a tear develops in the region.

Burning sensation: A burning sensation or throbbing pain may develop after bowel movements.

Treatment options
Food-based changes: Increasing fiber intake and staying hydrated can help soften stools and alleviate constipation, reducing strain during bowel movements.

Sitz baths: Warm sitz baths can promote healing and relieve symptoms by relaxing the anal muscles.

Prescription treatment: Here, stool softeners or laxatives can make bowel movements more comfortable. Additionally, certain ointments can help relax the anal sphincter and relieve pain.

Botox treatment: For some, Botox treatment in the anal sphincter can help reduce muscle spasms.

Surgery: If other treatment options fail to resolve the issue, the doctor may recommend surgery to repair the tear.

Prevention
Here are a few steps one can take to prevent anal fissures:

– Following a balanced food plan with an adequate fiber intake to prevent constipation
– Drinking plenty of water to stay hydrated
– Avoiding spending a lot of time on the toilet to limit unnecessary pressure on the anal region
– Practicing gentle anal hygiene and avoiding harsh soaps or wipes
– Exercising regularly to promote bowel movement and overall well-being
– Seeking medical attention upon experiencing any symptoms of anal fissures to prevent complications